威尼斯人娱乐场

Bureau of Indian Affairs Records: Termination

Termination was a U.S. government policy aimed at ending federal supervision over American Indian tribes.

The 威尼斯人娱乐场 houses multiple series of records related to termination in Record Group 75: Records of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). These records include correspondence, office files, and minutes.

Historical Overview

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House Concurrent Resolution 108 (67 Stat. B132)

Available online through the Library of Congress's

Officially announced on August 1, 1953, in House Concurrent Resolution 108 (67 Stat. B132), termination was expressly intended to 鈥渕ake Indians within the territorial limits of the United States subject to the same laws and entitled to the same privileges and responsibilities as are applicable to other citizens of the United States, to end their status as wards of the United States, and to grant them all of the rights and prerogatives pertaining to American citizenship.鈥� This was despite the fact that American Indians had been U.S. citizens since Congress passed the Indian Citizenship Act in 1924 (43 Stat. 253).

Termination was a departure from federal Indian policy in the 1930s and early 1940s, during which time the U.S. government ceased allotting tribal reservations and emphasized tribal self-government instead. Termination ended federal recognition of affected tribes and the federal aid and services that came with that recognition. It also ended federal trust status for affected reservations and the protections granted by such status. In many cases, termination meant the transfer of federal jurisdiction over criminal and civil matters on reservations to state authorities as well.

House Concurrent Resolution 108 called for termination 鈥渁t the earliest possible time鈥� of all American Indian tribes in California, Florida, New York, and Texas, as well as termination for specific tribes in other states, including 鈥渢he Flathead Tribe of Montana, the Klamath Tribe of Oregon, the Menominee Tribe of Wisconsin, the Potowatamie Tribe of Kansas and Nebraska, and those members of the Chippewa Tribe who are on the Turtle Mountain Reservation, North Dakota.鈥� This resolution was swiftly followed by Public Law 280 (67 Stat. 588), enacted on August 15, 1953, which conferred jurisdiction over criminal offenses and civil cases arising on most Indian reservations within California, Minnesota, Nebraska, Oregon, and Wisconsin to state authorities.

From 1953 until 1970, Congress initiated 60 separate termination proceedings against American Indian tribes, and over three million acres of tribal lands were relinquished as a result. Although the Nixon administration repudiated termination in 1970 and shifted federal Indian policy toward self-determination, the effect of termination was nevertheless devastating for many tribes.

Records Overview 

BIA records related to termination are housed at different 威尼斯人娱乐场 research facilities, depending on the BIA office that maintained the records. Select series are listed below.

Select the 威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifiers for the full archival records descriptions in the . For questions related to the records, please contact the custodial unit indicated.

For more information about BIA records, see Navigating Record Group 75. For a full list of 威尼斯人娱乐场 research facilities, see Visit Us.

威尼斯人娱乐场 in Washington, DC (Archives 1)

For questions related to these records, please email archives1reference@nara.gov.

• 鈥淐entral Classified Files, 1940鈥�1957鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )
  • Termination-related files can be found under different decimal numbers, depending on the specific subject of the file. Researchers may want to start by checking decimals 011 (Acts of Congress), 013 (Proposed Legislation), and 077 (Termination/Withdrawal of Federal Services) for the relevant BIA jurisdiction.
  • See Central Classified Files for more information about these records.
• 鈥淐entral Classified Files, 1958鈥�1975鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )
  • Termination-related files can be found under different decimal numbers, depending on the specific subject of the file. Researchers may want to start by checking decimals 011 (Acts of Congress), 013 (Proposed Legislation), and 077 (Termination/Withdrawal of Federal Services) for the relevant BIA jurisdiction.
  • See Central Classified Files for more information about these records.

• 鈥淔iles for Terminated Tribes of the Klamath Agency and Menominee Agency, 1938鈥�1961鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )

• 鈥淩ecords Concerning Vocational Training for Terminal Tribes and Apprenticeship Policy Materials, 1954鈥�1958鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )
  • Tribes covered in this series include the Alabama and Coushatta of Texas, the Klamath, the Menominee, and the Paiute and Uintah and Ouray of Utah.

威尼斯人娱乐场 at Chicago

For questions related to these records, please email chicago.archives@nara.gov.

• Menominee Agency:
  • 鈥淩ecords Relating to the Termination of Federal Control, 1956鈥�1961鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )
  • 鈥淕eneral Administrative Files, 1946鈥�1961鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )
  • 鈥淢enominee Tribal Council Minutes and Resolutions, 1946鈥�1961鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )

威尼斯人娱乐场 at Fort Worth

For questions related to these records, please email ftworth.archives@nara.gov.

• Anadarko Area Office:
  • 鈥淐orrespondence Relating to the Alabama-Coushatta Reservation, 1928鈥�1956鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )
• Five Civilized Tribes Agency:
  • 鈥淐entral Files Relating to the Office of Tribal Operations, 1955鈥�1971鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )
  • 鈥淥ffice Files, 1955鈥�1971鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )

威尼斯人娱乐场 at Kansas City

For questions related to these records, please email kansascity.archives@nara.gov.

• Winnebago Agency:
  • 鈥淧onca Tribe of Native Americans Subject Correspondence Files, 1934鈥�1965鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )
  • 鈥淪antee Sioux Tribe of Nebraska Subject Correspondence Files, 1931鈥�1985鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )

威尼斯人娱乐场 at Riverside

For questions related to these records, please email riverside.archives@nara.gov.

• Phoenix Area Office:
  • 鈥淩ecords Relating to the Ute Partition and Termination Act, 1954鈥�1972鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )

威尼斯人娱乐场 at Seattle

For questions related to these records, please email seattle.archives@nara.gov.

• Klamath Indian Agency:
  • 鈥淩ecords Relating to Termination, 1954鈥�1959鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )
  • 鈥淩ecords Compiled to Assess the Impact of Termination, 1947鈥�1957鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )
  • 鈥淩ecords Relating to Allotted Land Sales Prior to Termination, 1952鈥�1959鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )
• Portland Area Office:
  • 鈥淒esk Files of the Assistant Area Director for Community Services Relating to the Termination of the Klamath Tribe, 1953鈥�1959鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )
  • 鈥淒esk Files of the Assistant Area Director for Resources Relating to the Termination of the Klamath Tribe, 1951鈥�1961鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )
  • 鈥淩ecords of the Assistant Area Director Related to the Termination of Western Oregon Tribes, 1954鈥�1960鈥� (威尼斯人娱乐场 Identifier )