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Preservation

Linked Open Data for Digital Audio Formats

The Digital Audio category encompasses formats used to encode recorded sound as machine readable files by converting acoustic sound waves into digital signals. Digital audio formats are generally composed of both an encoding/decoding method (codec) and a container/wrapper format which encapsulates the bitstreams and includes other associated data such as metadata. The file extension typically denotes the container/wrapper format. Digital audio is defined as an audio waveform that has been created as, or converted into, digital form and encoded as a sequence of numerical samples with the purpose of converting to a continuous analog signal reproducing sound.

The significant properties of digital audio records are documented in the , which can be used as test criteria for tools and processes used in format transformations. 

NARA makes its Linked Open Data available in Resource Description Framework Terse RDF Triple Language or RDF Turtle (.ttl files). These files can be opened in any text editor. The Digital Preservation Framework as Linked Open Data includes the same elements as are available in the version of the Preservation Plans on GitHub.

These plans are not exhaustive nor universally applicable proposed actions and recommended or endorsed tools: these represent file formats and variant versions in NARA holdings, the current NARA risk assessment, processing capabilities, and tools in use at NARA. 

 

Format NameFile Extension(s)Digital Preservation Framework Category/CategoriesNARA Format IDNARA Linked Open Data TTL
Adaptive Multi Rate Audio (AMR)amrDigital AudioNF00102/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00102.ttl
Adobe After Effects project (Binary Variant)aepDigital Design and Vector Graphics|Digital Video|Digital AudioNF00865/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00865.ttl
Adobe After Effects project (XML Variant)aepxDigital Design and Vector Graphics|Digital Video|Digital AudioNF00866/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00866.ttl
Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) MPEG-2 AudioaacDigital AudioNF00106/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00106.ttl
Advanced Audio Coding MPEG-4 Low Complexity Objectaac|mp4|m4aDigital AudioNF00108/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00108.ttl
Advanced Systems Format unspecified versionasfDigital Video|Digital AudioNF00109/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00109.ttl
Apple Soundtrack Pro ProjectstmpDigital AudioNF00815/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00815.ttl
Audio Interchange Format (AIFF)aiff|aifDigital AudioNF00115/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00115.ttl
Audio Interchange Format with LPCM Audioaiff|aifDigital AudioNF00116/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00116.ttl
Avid Pro Tools Session 5.1-6.9ptsDigital AudioNF00817/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00817.ttl
Broadcast Wave (BWF) unspecified versionwavDigital AudioNF00650/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00650.ttl
Broadcast Wave (BWF) v. 0wavDigital AudioNF00136/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00136.ttl
Broadcast Wave (BWF) v. 1wavDigital AudioNF00539/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00539.ttl
Broadcast Wave (BWF) v. 2wavDigital AudioNF00540/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00540.ttl
Exchangeable Image File Format Audio 2.2wavDigital AudioNF00176/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00176.ttl
Free Lossless Audio Codec (FLAC)flacDigital AudioNF00198/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00198.ttl
IRCAM Sound FilesfDigital AudioNF00816/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00816.ttl
MPEG Audio Layer 2mp2Digital AudioNF00597/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00597.ttl
MPEG-1 Audio Layer 1mp1Digital AudioNF00596/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00596.ttl
MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3mp3|x-mp3|mpeg3|mpeg|x-mpeg3|mpg|x-mpg|x-mpegaudioDigital AudioNF00335/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00335.ttl
MPEG-4 File Format, V.2, with Advanced Audio CodingaacDigital AudioNF00107/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00107.ttl
NCH Dictation Audio FiledctDigital AudioNF00600/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00600.ttl
Pulse Code Modulatedpcm|L16|wav|aiff|auDigital AudioNF00603/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00603.ttl
QuickTime Audio with AAC codecqta|aac|m4p|mp3Digital AudioNF00392/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00392.ttl
RealAudioraDigital AudioNF00604/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00604.ttl
RealMediarm|rmfDigital Audio|Digital VideoNF00396/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00396.ttl
RealMedia metafileramDigital Audio|Digital VideoNF00397/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00397.ttl
Sound Designer II Audio Filesd2Digital AudioNF00407/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00407.ttl
SoundFont 2 Sound Banksf2Digital AudioNF00814/files/lod/dpframework/id/NF00814.ttl
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